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pdflatex test.texpdftex test.tex
The commands in TeX and Plain TeX are still quite basic and it isn’t easy to do complicated things with them. To help withthis, Leslie Lamport created LaTeX in the early 1980s to provide a higher level language to work in than TeX. LaTeX is a setof commands defined in terms of the underlying TeX commands, often at many many layers of abstraction. All of the commandsyou use in a LaTeX document are actually just complicated sets of TeX commands underneath, unless of course you use a TeXcommand directly! Concepts like packages (\usepackage{...}), environments (\begin{environment} ... \end{environment}), anddocument classes (\documentclass{...}) were all introduced by Leslie Lamport in LaTeX.